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A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault. [3] [4] A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults.
Schematic illustration of the two strike-slip fault types. The view is of the Earth's surface from above. In geology, the terms sinistral and dextral refer to the horizontal component of the movement of blocks on either side of a fault or the sense of movement within a shear zone. These are terms of relative direction, as the movement of the ...
Transform faults are closely related to transcurrent faults and are commonly confused. Both types of fault are strike-slip or side-to-side in movement; nevertheless, transform faults always end at a junction with another plate boundary, while transcurrent faults may die out without a junction with another fault.
Anderson's fault theory also presents a model for seismic interpretation. [7] This model predicts the dip of faults according to their regime classification. [2] Conjugate walls in any fault will share a dip angle with that angle being measured from the top of the hanging wall or the bottom of the foot wall. [2]
Some use the term "transform fault" to describe the seismically and tectonically active portion of a fracture zone after John Tuzo Wilson's concepts first developed with respect to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. [2] The term fracture zone has a distinct geological meaning, but it is also used more loosely in the naming of some oceanic features.
Transtension is the state in which a rock mass or area of the Earth's crust experiences both extensive and transtensive shear.As such, transtensional regions are characterised by both extensional structures (normal faults, grabens) and wrench structures (strike-slip faults).
Normal fault: Longmen Shan Fault: Sichuan, China: Thrust fault: Active: 2008 Sichuan (M8.0) Lost River Fault: Idaho, United States: Normal: Active: 1983 Borah Peak (M6.9) Lusatian Fault: Germany: Thrust fault: Macquarie Fault Zone >400: South Pacific Ocean: Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults: Active: 1989 Maquarie Isl. (8.2), 2008 Macquarie ...
In geology, a shear zone is a thin zone within the Earth's crust or upper mantle that has been strongly deformed, due to the walls of rock on either side of the zone slipping past each other. In the upper crust, where rock is brittle, the shear zone takes the form of a fracture called a fault .