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Like all natural spoken languages, the Hawaiian language was originally an oral language. The native people of the Hawaiian language relayed religion, traditions, history, and views of their world through stories that were handed down from generation to generation. One form of storytelling most commonly associated with the Hawaiian islands is ...
Niʻihau dialect (Standard Hawaiian: ʻŌlelo Niʻihau, Niʻihau: Olelo Matuahine, lit. 'mother tongue') is a dialect of the Hawaiian language spoken on the island of Niʻihau , more specifically in its only settlement Puʻuwai , and on the island of Kauaʻi , specifically near Kekaha , where descendants of families from Niʻihau now live.
For instance, mental /mɛntəl/ is often pronounced [mɛntoː]; people is pronounced [pipo]. Hawaiian Pidgin is non-rhotic. That is, r after a vowel is often omitted, similar to many dialects, such as Eastern New England, Australian English, and British English variants. For instance, car is often pronounced cah, and letter is pronounced letta.
Schütz [15] conjectured that a t-dialect existed in the northwestern islands, and a k-dialect in the southeastern islands. As of the 1820s, the [k] variant was becoming dominant on Oʻahu. [ 9 ] Helen Heffron Roberts documented a sound between that of English th , [ θ ] or [ ð ] , and [ z ] in free variation with [ k ] among elders from ...
As Hawaiian was the main language of the islands in the nineteenth century, most words came from this Polynesian language, though many others contributed to its formation. In the 1890s and afterwards, the increased spread of English favoured the use of an English-based pidgin instead, which, once nativized as the first language of children ...
The island is currently managed by brothers Bruce and Keith Robinson. The people of Niʻihau are noted for their gemlike lei pūpū (shell lei) craftsmanship. They speak Hawaiian as a primary language. The island has attracted some controversy for the strict rules the Robinson family imposes on the island and its inhabitants. [6]
Historical records document its presence on the islands as early as the 1820s, but HSL was not formally recognized by linguists until 2013. [3] Although previously believed to be related to American Sign Language (ASL), [4] the two languages are unrelated. [5] [6] In 2013, HSL was used by around 40 people, mostly over 80 years old. [7]
The various Papuan language families of New Guinea and neighbouring islands, including the large Trans–New Guinea family; Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. Non-indigenous languages include: English in Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, and other territories