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Buruli ulcer (/ b ə ˈ r uː l i /) [2] is an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds. The disease is limited to certain areas of the world, with most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia.
The Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative (GBUI) is a World Health Organization (WHO) initiative to coordinate global efforts to control Buruli ulcer, [1] an infectious disease characterized by the development of painless open wounds. [2]
The bacteria can infect humans and some other animals, causing persistent open wounds called Buruli ulcer. M. ulcerans is closely related to Mycobacterium marinum, from which it evolved around one million years ago, and more distantly to the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis and leprosy.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends treating Buruli ulcer with a combination of the antibiotics rifampicin and clarithromycin. Regular cleaning and dressing of wounds aids healing and prevents secondary infections. In 2018, WHO received 2,713 reports of Buruli ulcer globally.
Deep ulcers can cause scarring of muscles and tendons, resulting in permanent disability. Buruli ulcer is caused by skin infection with bacteria called Mycobacterium ulcerans . The mechanism by which M. ulcerans is transmitted from the environment to humans is not known, but may involve the bite of an aquatic insect or the infection of open wounds.
Mycolactone is a polyketide-derived macrolide produced and secreted by a group of very closely related pathogenic mycobacteria species including M. ulcerans, M. liflandii (an unofficial designation), M. pseudoshottsii, and some strains of M. marinum.
Buruli ulcer is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans. [34] It is related to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy. Mycobacterium ulcerans produces a toxin, mycolactone, that destroys tissue. [34] The prevalence of Buruli ulcer is unknown. [18] The risk of mortality is low, although secondary infections can be lethal. [35]
Buruli ulcer (Bairnsdale ulcer, Searl ulcer, Searle's ulcer) Buruli ulcer; Erythema induratum (Bazin disease) Histoid leprosy; Lepromatous leprosy; Leprosy (Hansen's disease) Lichen scrofulosorum (tuberculosis cutis lichenoides) Lupus vulgaris (tuberculosis luposa)