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In 1833, an English scientist Charles Wheatstone discovered stereopsis, the component of depth perception that arises due to binocular disparity.Binocular disparity comes from the human eyes having a distance between them: A 3D scene viewed through the left eye creates a slightly different image than the same scene viewed with the right eye, with the head kept in the same position.
Stereoscopy creates the impression of three-dimensional depth from a pair of two-dimensional images. [5] Human vision, including the perception of depth, is a complex process, which only begins with the acquisition of visual information taken in through the eyes; much processing ensues within the brain, as it strives to make sense of the raw information.
The stereo, stereoscopic or dissecting microscope is an optical microscope variant designed for low magnification observation of a sample, typically using light reflected from the surface of an object rather than transmitted through it. The instrument uses two separate optical paths with two objectives and eyepieces to provide slightly ...
In traditional stereo vision, two cameras, displaced horizontally from one another, are used to obtain two differing views on a scene, in a manner similar to human binocular vision. By comparing these two images, the relative depth information can be obtained in the form of a disparity map , which encodes the difference in horizontal ...
Convergence is a binocular oculomotor cue for distance and depth perception. Because of stereopsis, the two eyeballs focus on the same object; in doing so they converge. The convergence will stretch the extraocular muscles – the receptors for this are muscle spindles .
A primary difference between a stereo microscope and a digital microscope is the magnification. With a stereo microscope, the magnification is determined by multiplying the eyepiece magnification times the objective magnification. Since the digital microscope does not have an eyepiece, the magnification cannot be found using this method.
Binocular vision happens because each eye receives a different image because they are in slightly different positions in one's head (left and right eyes). These positional differences are referred to as "horizontal disparities" or, more generally, "binocular disparities".
A stereo transparency viewer is a type of stereoscope that offers similar advantages, e.g. the View-Master. Disadvantages of stereo cards, slides or any other hard copy or print are that the two images are likely to receive differing wear, scratches and other decay. This results in stereo artifacts when the images are viewed.
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