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The process of amino acid building to create protein in translation is a subject of various physic models for a long time starting from the first detailed kinetic models such as [26] or others taking into account stochastic aspects of translation and using computer simulations. Many chemical kinetics-based models of protein synthesis have been ...
Translation can be downregulated by miRNAs (microRNAs). These RNA strands can cleave mRNA strands they are complementary to and will thus stop translation. [15] Translation can also be regulated via helper proteins. For example, a protein called eukaryotic initiation factor-2 can bind to the smaller subunit of the ribosome, starting translation.
Eukaryotic translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recapping.
Translation is the process by which a mature mRNA molecule is used as a template for synthesizing a new protein. [ 51 ] : 6.2 Translation is carried out by ribosomes , large complexes of RNA and protein responsible for carrying out the chemical reactions to add new amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain by the formation of peptide bonds .
During translation, genetic material called mRNA is read by ribosomes to generate a protein polypeptide chain. [53] This process requires transfer RNA (tRNA) which serves as an adaptor by binding amino acids on one end and interacting with mRNA at the other end; the latter pairing between the tRNA and mRNA ensures that the correct amino acid is ...
Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein. It is typically achieved by the manipulation of gene expression in an organism such that it expresses large amounts of a recombinant gene .
Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. [1] Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases: transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA).
Robotic preparation of MALDI mass spectrometry samples on a sample carrier. Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. [1] [2] Proteins are vital macromolecules of all living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA.