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The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, [1] is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is u , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is u. In most languages, this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips ('endolabial'). However, in a ...
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
In English, the letter u has four main pronunciations. There are "long" and "short" pronunciations. Short u , found originally in closed syllables, most commonly represents /ʌ/ (as in 'duck'), though it retains its old pronunciation /ʊ/ after labial consonants in some words (as in 'put') and occasionally elsewhere (as in 'sugar').
The history of the merger dates back to two Middle English phonemes: the long vowel /oː/ (which shoot traces back to) and the short vowel /u/ (which put traces back to). As a result of the Great Vowel Shift , /oː/ raised to /uː/ , which continues to be the pronunciation of shoot today.
Examples include secondary articulation; onsets, releases and other transitions; shades of sound; light epenthetic sounds and incompletely articulated sounds. Morphophonemically, superscripts may be used for assimilation, e.g. aʷ for the effect of labialization on a vowel /a/ , which may be realized as phonemic /o/ . [ 98 ]
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of chain shifts that affected historical long vowels but left short vowels largely alone. It is one of the primary causes of the idiosyncrasies in English spelling. The shortening of ante-penultimate syllables in Middle English created many long–short pairs. The result can be seen in such words as,
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
To indicate a long u in the middle or at the end of a word, a kroužek ("ring") is used instead, to form ů . Hungarian: í, ó, ú are the long equivalents of the vowels i, o, u . ő, ű (see double acute accent) are the long equivalents of ö, ü . Both types of accents are known as hosszú ékezet (hosszú means long).