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Comparison of different gauges in India with standard gauge. Project Unigauge, started on 1 April 1992, [1] is an ongoing effort by Indian Railways to convert and unify almost all rail gauges in India to 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge.
5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) is a broad track gauge, used in India, Pakistan, western Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Argentina, Chile, and on BART in the San Francisco Bay Area. In North America, it is called Indian, Provincial, Portland, or Texas gauge. In Argentina and Chile, it is known as "trocha ancha" (Spanish for "broad gauge").
Cross-section of 4-rail dual-gauge track (standard and metre gauge/ narrow gauge) (click to enlarge) Cross-section of Australian dual-gauge track – 1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) and 1435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauges (click to enlarge) Mixed gauge track at Sassari, Sardinia: 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge and 950 mm (3 ft 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in)
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Standard gauge is defined both in metric and in imperial units. It is also the best-known gauge worldwide; 55% of the world uses this track. In 2020, China’s rail network is standard gauge, with around 79,685 km (49,514 mi) of line. [92] 1,440 mm 4 ft 8 + 11 ⁄ 16 in: Switzerland
Despite attempts to convert the entire country into broad-gauge many Metro systems and Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor are done under Standard-gauge railway. [ 1 ] In 2007, India had 45 narrow-gauge lines in operation and most of these lines were made in pre-independence era predominantly in territories controlled by Princely states ...
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The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) metre gauge rack railway in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu was opened in 1908 and is the only operational rack railway in India. [ 158 ] [ 157 ] These railways operate with its own dedicated fleet of locomotives and coaches.