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When two drugs affect each other, it is a drug–drug interaction (DDI). The risk of a DDI increases with the number of drugs used. [1] A large share of elderly people regularly use five or more medications or supplements, with a significant risk of side-effects from drug–drug interactions. [2] Drug interactions can be of three kinds:
If the combination of two drugs in combination therapy has an effect lower than the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently, also known as antagonistic effect, the drugs will seldom be prescribed together in the same therapy. Drug or chemical combinations with additive effects can cause adverse effects.
Side effects may only last for a short time and then go away. Side effects can be relieved in some cases with non pharmacological treatment. [4] Some side effects require treatment to correct potentially serious and sometimes fatal reactions to penicillin. Penicillin has not been found to cause birth defects. [5]
Mild symptoms such as nausea, loss of appetite, dizziness, vomiting, headache, sore gums, or frequent urination are common with this medication. Life-threatening side effects such as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukemia and encephalopathy are extremely rare. [4] Theoretically probenecid can increase the risk of uric acid kidney stones.
Caffeine is considered one of the most widely consumed drugs around the world. Around 80% of the world population consumes caffeine in one form or another. [ 2 ] It is found in coffee , tea , caffeinated alcoholic drinks , cocoa , chocolate , soft drinks , especially cola , and is an important component of energy drinks and other dietary ...
Antibiotics by class Generic name Brand names Common uses [4] Possible side effects [4] Mechanism of action Aminoglycosides; Amikacin: Amikin: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) and ...
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
Lipoglycopeptides are a class of antibiotic that have lipophilic side-chains linked to glycopeptides.The class includes oritavancin, telavancin and dalbavancin. [1] [2]In September 2009 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved telavancin (Vibativ) for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) On May 23, 2014, the FDA approved dalbavancin (Dalvance), an injectable drug ...