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  2. Focal length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length

    The focal point F and focal length f of a positive (convex) lens, a negative (concave) lens, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror.. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power.

  3. Barlow lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlow_lens

    Cone of light behind an achromatic doublet objective lens (A) without (red) and with (green) a Barlow lens optical element (B). The Barlow lens, named after Peter Barlow, is a diverging lens which, used in series with other optics in an optical system, increases the effective focal length of an optical system as perceived by all components that are after it in the system.

  4. Confocal microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscopy

    A 5 mW Helium-Neon-Laser with 633 nm light was reflected by a semi-transparent mirror towards the objective. The objective was a simple lens with a focal length of 8.5 mm. As opposed to all earlier and most later systems, the sample was scanned by movement of this lens (objective scanning), leading to a movement of the focal point.

  5. Objective (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective_(optics)

    Two Leica oil immersion microscope objective lenses; left 100×, right 40×. The objective lens of a microscope is the one at the bottom near the sample. At its simplest, it is a very high-powered magnifying glass, with very short focal length. This is brought very close to the specimen being examined so that the light from the specimen comes ...

  6. f-number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number

    A 100 mm focal length f /4 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 25 mm. A 100 mm focal length f /2 lens has an entrance pupil diameter of 50 mm. Since the area is proportional to the square of the pupil diameter, [6] the amount of light admitted by the f /2 lens is four times that of the f /4 lens.

  7. Optical resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_resolution

    The original application called for placing the chart at a distance 26 times the focal length of the imaging lens used. The bars above and to the left are in sequence, separated by approximately the square root of two (12, 17, 24, etc.), while the bars below and to the left have the same separation but a different starting point (14, 20, 28, etc.)

  8. Numerical aperture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_aperture

    Instead, the angular aperture of a lens (or an imaging mirror) is expressed by the f-number, written f /N, where N is the f-number given by the ratio of the focal length f to the diameter of the entrance pupil D: =. This ratio is related to the image-space numerical aperture when the lens is focused at infinity. [3]

  9. Optical microscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope

    The optical microscope, also referred to as a light microscope, is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century.

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