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For example, some nations' customs and ports are so inefficient that even though they are geographically closer it is cheaper to ship goods from longer distances. [4] Other reasons such as wars, non-central location, insufficient infrastructure (rail lines, roads and communications) will keep a country in the periphery of global trade. [ 3 ]
Semi-peripheral countries are important contributors to the world economy because of the above reasons and because they tend to have above average land mass, meaning that they are host to an above average market. [2] A primary example is China, a country with not only a large area but with a large population. [2]
The United States, Canada, most of Western Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand are examples of present core countries that have the most power in the world economic system. [2] Core countries tend to have both strong state machinery [ clarification needed ] and a developed [ clarification needed ] national culture.
During the Industrial Revolution, for example, English capitalists exploited slaves (unfree workers) in the cotton zones of the American South, a peripheral region within a semiperipheral country, United States. [25] From a largely Weberian perspective, Fernando Henrique Cardoso described the main tenets of dependency theory as follows:
If weak states attempt to rewrite these rules as they prefer them, strong states will typically intervene to rectify the situation. [5] The ideology of the interstate system is sovereign equality, and while the system generally presents a set of constraints on the power of individual states, states within the system are "neither sovereign nor ...
Peripheral nationalism is so called because the regions in which it exists are at the "periphery" as opposed to the "center" of the territory of the State. Peripheral nationalism occurs in a culturally or linguistically distinctive territory — and oftentimes with a different socioeconomic degree of development — that resists incorporation ...
Dependency theory is the idea that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and exploited states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. A central contention of dependency theory is that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the "world system".
The expected result of this approach is a solid core of states who have gone far in the integration process with peripheral states who have engaged much less in integration. In À La Carte DI, states can choose the policy area they wish to participate in. The matter variable in this context refers to policy areas.