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  2. Environmental impact of concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of...

    Carbonatation, sometimes called carbonation, is the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) by chemical reaction, which, if used in concrete, can sequester carbon dioxide. [27] The speed of carbonation depends primarily on the porosity of the concrete and its moisture content.

  3. Concrete degradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_degradation

    Carbonation slows down with increasing diffusion depth. [2] Carbonation has two antagonist effects for (1) the concrete strength, and (2) its durability: The precipitation of calcite filling the microscopic voids in the concrete pore space decreases the concrete matrix porosity: so, it increases the mechanical strength of concrete;

  4. Carbonatation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonatation

    Carbonatation is a slow process that occurs in concrete where lime (CaO, or Ca(OH) 2 ) in the cement reacts with carbon dioxide (CO 2) from the air and forms calcium carbonate. The water in the pores of Portland cement concrete is normally alkaline with a pH in the range of 12.5 to 13.5.

  5. Cement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement

    Carbonation process is considered as a mechanism of concrete degradation. It reduces pH of concrete that promotes reinforcement steel corrosion. [72] However, as the product of Ca(OH)2 carbonation, CaCO3, occupies a greater volume, porosity of concrete reduces. This increases strength and hardness of concrete. [75]

  6. Carbonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonation

    Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. [1] In chemistry , the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation , which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids .

  7. Remediation of contaminated sites with cement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remediation_of...

    A 1,300,000-square-foot (120,000 m 2) complex of mixed residential, office, retail and commercial space is being built on 15 acres (61,000 m 2) of former industrial land in downtown Victoria that was contaminated by lead. 10 tonnes of soil was treated with cement, which was mixed into the soil on site simply by using an excavator bucket. The ...

  8. Dilatancy (granular material) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilatancy_(granular_material)

    A sample of a material is called dilative if its volume increases with increasing shear and contractive if the volume decreases with increasing shear. [7] [8] Dilatancy is a common feature of soils and sands. Its effect can be seen when the wet sand around the foot of a person walking on beach appears to dry up.

  9. Soil carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon

    Soil carbon is the solid carbon stored in global soils. This includes both soil organic matter and inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals. It is vital to the soil capacity in our ecosystem. Soil carbon is a carbon sink in regard to the global carbon cycle, playing a role in biogeochemistry, climate change mitigation, and constructing global ...