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The Walls of Constantinople (Turkish: ... The land walls run through the heart of modern Istanbul, with a belt of parkland flanking their course. They are pierced at ...
The sack of Constantinople occurred in April 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. Crusaders sacked and destroyed most of Constantinople , the capital of the Byzantine Empire . After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire (known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia , or the Latin occupation [ 4 ] ) was established and ...
Constantinople's location between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara reduced the land area that needed defensive walls. The city was built intentionally to rival Rome, and it was claimed that several elevations within its walls matched Rome's 'seven hills'. [13]
This strategy was used because in 1204, the armies of the Fourth Crusade successfully circumvented Constantinople's land defences by breaching the Golden Horn Wall, which faces the Horn. Another strategy employed by the Byzantines was the repair and fortification of the Land Wall (Theodosian Walls).
In 514 to the walls of Constantinople approached the army of the rebellious commander Vitalian, but he did not dare to storm, satisfied with the terms of truce and generous payoffs from Anastasius. Soon Vitalian's troops and fleet were approaching the Byzantine capital again, and once again the emperor was forced to agree to the rebels' terms.
The seventh hill, known in Byzantine times as the Xērolophos (Greek: ξηρόλοφος), or "dry hill," it extends from Aksaray to the Theodosian Walls and the Marmara. It is a broad hill with three summits producing a triangle with apices at Topkapı, Aksaray, and Yedikule. It was divided from the rest of the city by the Lycus creek.
The Column of Marcian (Turkish: Kıztaşı) erected by Marcianus (reigned 450–457) dates from the same period as the triple land walls of Theodosius II. The most extant Byzantine structure which has survived from the reign of Heraclius is the Prison of Anemas, [5] incorporated into the city walls, at Blachernae. It is a huge castle-like ...
With its strategic position, Constantinople controlled the major trade routes between Asia and Europe, as well as the passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea. On May 29, 1453, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, and again became the capital of a powerful state, the Ottoman Empire. The Turks called the city "Istanbul ...