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Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) [1] was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology .
November 23 – Edwin Hubble announces his discovery that Andromeda, previously believed to be a nebula, is actually another galaxy, and that the Milky Way is only one of many such galaxies in the universe. [1] The Einstein Tower near Potsdam, Germany, designed by Erich Mendelsohn, becomes operational as an astrophysical observatory.
As one of the first steps towards a coherent theory of galaxy evolution, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble, developed a classification scheme of galaxies in 1926. Although this scheme, also known as the Hubble tuning fork diagram, is now considered somewhat too simple, the basic ideas still hold...
Hubble's law can be easily depicted in a "Hubble diagram" in which the velocity (assumed approximately proportional to the redshift) of an object is plotted with respect to its distance from the observer. [30] A straight line of positive slope on this diagram is the visual depiction of Hubble's law.
Later in the 1920s, Edwin Hubble showed that Andromeda was far outside the Milky Way by measuring Cepheid variable stars, proving that Curtis was correct. [6] It is now known that the Milky Way is only one of as many as an estimated 200 billion (2 × 10 11) [7] to 2 trillion (2 × 10 12) or more galaxies in the observable Universe.
1923 – Edwin Hubble: Galaxies discovered; 1923 – Arthur Compton: Particle nature of photons confirmed by observation of photon momentum; 1924 – Bose–Einstein statistics; 1924 – Louis de Broglie: De Broglie wave; 1925 – Werner Heisenberg: Matrix mechanics; 1925–27 – Niels Bohr & Max Planck: Quantum mechanics
Tuning-fork-style diagram of the Hubble sequence Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence , devised by Edwin ...
Later observations (by Hubble himself, among others) showed Hubble's belief to be correct and the S0 class was included in the definitive exposition of the Hubble sequence by Allan Sandage. [12] Missing from the Hubble sequence are the early-type galaxies with intermediate-scale disks, in between the E0 and S0 types, Martha Liller denoted them ...