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Although Right to Information is not included as a Fundamental Right in the Constitution of India, it protects the fundamental rights to Freedom of Expression and Speech under Article 19(1)(a) and Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 guaranteed by the Constitution. The authorities under RTI Act 2005 are called public authorities.
As a result, Article 21, which prevents the encroachment of life or personal liberty by the State except in accordance with the procedure established by law, was, until 1978, construed narrowly as being restricted to executive action. However, in 1978, the Supreme Court in the case of Maneka Gandhi v.
Article 31C, added by the 25th Amendment in 1971, provided that any law made to give effect to the Directive Principles in Article 39(b)–(c) would not be invalid on the grounds that they derogated from the Fundamental Rights conferred by Articles 14, 19 and 21. The application of this article was sought to be extended to all the Directive ...
Gandhi filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India, challenging the order on the grounds that it violated Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. The Union responded in their written submissions that her passport was impounded because her presence was likely to be required in connection with legal proceedings before ...
The amended constitution has a preamble and 470 articles, [b] which are grouped into 25 parts. [c] [33] With 12 schedules [d] and five appendices, [33] [50] it has been amended 105 times; the latest amendment became effective on 15 August 2021. The constitution's articles are grouped into the following parts:
Article Five of the United States Constitution details the two-step process for amending the nation's plan of government. Amendments must be properly proposed and ratified before becoming operative. This process was designed to strike a balance between the excesses of constant change and inflexibility. [1]
The Eighty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India, provides Right to Education for the age of six to fourteen years and Early childhood care until the age of six.It has inserted Article 21A [1] (Right to Education as a Fundamental Right) & replaces Article 45 (Early Childhood Education) of Directive principles of State policy and amended Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) to add new duty ...
Article 372: Article 372 provides for the continuity of existing laws and their adaptation until altered or repealed by a competent legislature or other authority. This article ensured that laws enacted by the British colonial government or by the rulers of princely states continued to be valid in independent India until they were amended ...