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A leading question is a question that suggests a particular answer and contains information the examiner is looking to have confirmed. [1] The use of leading questions in court to elicit testimony is restricted in order to reduce the ability of the examiner to direct or influence the evidence presented.
An open-ended question is a question that cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no" response, or with a static response. Open-ended questions are phrased as a statement which requires a longer answer. They can be compared to closed questions which demand a “yes”/“no” or short answer. [1]
A closed-ended question is any question for which a researcher provides research participants with options from which to choose a response. [1] Closed-ended questions are sometimes phrased as a statement that requires a response. A closed-ended question contrasts with an open-ended question, which cannot easily be answered with specific ...
[2] [3] Studies have shown that interviewing techniques such as asking leading questions and closed-ended questions can influence the responses given by the interviewee. [2] [3] Many of the techniques were explored by Elizabeth Loftus, a researcher who studied eyewitness testimony, the misinformation effect, and false memories. [citation needed]
When preparing for the semi-structured interview, the interviewers need to consider the characteristics of their questions. They should use open-ended questions but dichotomous questions which only lead to two opposite answers, and they should avoid asking multiple questions, leading questions or why questions.
Per the official rules, “The determination as to whether a role is a leading or supporting role shall be made individually by members of the branch at the time of balloting.”
In a standardized open-ended interview, the same open-ended questions are asked to all interviewees. This approach facilitates faster interviews that can be more easily analyzed and compared. In a closed fixed-response interview, all interviewees are asked the same questions and asked to choose answers from among the same set of alternatives.
Image credits: Ok-File-6997 Animal shelters in the US had a busy 2023, with over 6.5 million pets entering shelters and rescue organizations. That’s 3.3 million cats and 3.2 million dogs. It was ...