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The parent compound is uncommon, [2] but derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine are important commercially and biologically. The pervasive cofactors NADH and NADPH are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine. 1,4-Dihydropyridine-based drugs are L-type calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are also known ...
[1] [2] The initial reaction product is a dihydropyridine which can be oxidized in a subsequent step to a pyridine. [3] The driving force for this second reaction step is aromatization. This reaction was reported in 1881 by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch. A 1,4-dihydropyridine dicarboxylate is also called a 1,4-DHP compound or a Hantzsch ester.
For example, reduction with lithium aluminium hydride yields a mixture of 1,4-dihydropyridine, 1,2-dihydropyridine, and 2,5-dihydropyridine. [102] Selective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine is achieved in the presence of organometallic complexes of magnesium and zinc , [ 103 ] and (Δ3,4)-tetrahydropyridine is obtained by electrochemical ...
The reaction conditions for the Kröhnke synthesis are generally facile and the reactions often proceed in high yields with reaction temperatures generally not exceeding 140 °C. [6] The Kröhnke synthesis is generally performed in either glacial acetic acid or methanol, but it can also be done under aqueous conditions, and more recently under ...
In this reaction the carbonyl group is an aldehyde or a ketone. The catalyst is usually a weakly basic amine. The active hydrogen component has the forms: [3] Z−CH 2 −Z or Z−CHR−Z for instance diethyl malonate, Meldrum's acid, ethyl acetoacetate or malonic acid, or cyanoacetic acid. [1] Z−CHRR', for instance nitromethane.
This reaction produced the 1,6-addition product 2 in 0% yield, the 1,6-addition product 3 in approximately 99% yield, and the 1,4-addition product 4 in less than 2% yield. This particular catalyst and set of reaction conditions led to the mostly regioselective and enantioselective 1,6-Michael addition of ethyl sorbate 1 to product 3.
Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine that antagonizes/blocks specifically L-type Ca 2+-channel, and was first described as a PDE1 inhibitor. This effect is not related to its calcium antagonist property since it inhibits, in micromolar range, basal and calmodulin stimulated purified PDE1.
779 12292 Ensembl ENSG00000081248 ENSMUSG00000026407 UniProt Q13698 Q02789 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000069 NM_001081023 NM_014193 RefSeq (protein) NP_000060 NP_001074492 NP_055008 NP_001389878 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 201.04 – 201.11 Mb Chr 1: 135.98 – 136.05 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Ca v 1.1 also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S ...