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Alternatively, the phase of a particular process, such as respiration, may be considered the fourth dimension. [1] Fluoroscopy is a similar technique to 4DCT, however it refers to the introduction of a time element to 2D planar radiography, rather than to 3D CT. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Abdominal imaging is associated with many potential uses for the different phases of contrast CT.The majority of abdominal and pelvic CT's can be performed using a single-phase, but the evaluation of some tumor types (hepatic/pancreatic/renal), the urinary collecting system, and trauma patients among others, may be best performed with multiple phases.
During the portal venous phase there is a specific "wash out" of ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) and the tumor appears hypoechoic during the late phase. Poorly differentiated tumors may have a stronger wash out leading to an isoechoic appearance to the liver parenchyma during portal venous phase. This appearance was found in approx. 30% of cases.
The best known standards and protocols used by DICOM are: [29] DICOM Makes use of the OSI network model. It uses the 2 network protocols on which the Internet is based and which allow data transfer, TCP / IP, and the HTTP hypertext transfer protocol. Additionally DICOM has its own MIME content type. DICOM uses other protocols such as DHCP, SAML ...
Radiography is an important tool in diagnosis of certain disorders.. Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx, [1] D x, or D s) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs.
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A liver segment is one of eight segments of the liver as described in the widely used Couinaud classification (named after Claude Couinaud) in the anatomy of the liver.This system divides the lobes of the liver into eight segments based on a transverse plane through the bifurcation of the main portal vein, [1] arranged in a clockwise manner starting from the caudate lobe.
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.