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  2. Subsistence pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsistence_pattern

    Foraging is the oldest subsistence pattern, with all human societies relying on it until approximately 10,000 years ago. [2] Foraging societies obtain the majority of their resources directly from the environment without cultivation. Also known as Hunter-gatherers, foragers may subsist through collecting wild plants, hunting, or fishing. [1]

  3. Optimal foraging theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_foraging_theory

    Optimal foraging theory has been used to predict animal behaviour when searching for food, but can also be used for humans (specifically hunter-gatherers). Food provides energy but costs energy to obtain. Foraging strategy must provide the most benefit for the lowest cost – it is a balance between nutritional value and energy required.

  4. Foraging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foraging

    Foraging is searching for wild food resources. It affects an animal's fitness because it plays an important role in an animal's ability to survive and reproduce. [ 1 ] Foraging theory is a branch of behavioral ecology that studies the foraging behavior of animals in response to the environment where the animal lives.

  5. Mixed-species foraging flock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-species_foraging_flock

    Black-headed gulls, bar-tailed godwits and sanderlings foraging on a beach. A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. [1]

  6. Feral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral

    A feral (/ ˈ f ɛr əl /; from Latin fera 'a wild beast') animal or plant is one that lives in the wild but is descended from domesticated individuals. As with an introduced species , the introduction of feral animals or plants to non-native regions may disrupt ecosystems and has, in some cases, contributed to extinction of indigenous species .

  7. Avian foraging - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_foraging

    Avian foraging refers to the range of activities and behaviours exhibited by birds in their quest for food. In addition to their unique body adaptations, birds have a range of described behaviours that differ from the foraging behaviours of other animal groups. According to the foraging habitat, birds may be grouped into foraging guilds ...

  8. Risk-sensitive foraging models - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-sensitive_foraging_models

    Risk sensitive foraging is based on experimental evidence that the net energy budget level of an animal is predictive of type of foraging activity an animal will employ. [1] Experimental evidence has indicated that individuals will change the type of foraging strategy that they use depending on environmental conditions and ability to meet net ...

  9. Forage (honey bee) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forage_(honey_bee)

    As a rule of thumb, the foraging area around a beehive extends for two miles (3.2 km), although bees have been observed foraging twice and three times this distance from the hive. Experiments have shown that beehives within 4 miles of a food source will gain weight, but beyond that the energy expended is greater than that gained during the ...