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Biologists most often define biodiversity as the "totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region". [8] [9] An advantage of this definition is that it presents a unified view of the traditional types of biological variety previously identified: taxonomic diversity (usually measured at the species diversity level) [10]
Megadiversity means exhibiting great biodiversity. The main criterion for megadiverse countries is endemism at the level of species, genera and families. A megadiverse country must have at least 5,000 species of endemic plants and must border marine ecosystems.
8 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve: Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 2013 9 Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh: 2012 [2] 10 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve: Kerala and Tamil Nadu: 2016 [4] 11 Khangchendzonga National Park: Sikkim: 2018 [5] 12 Panna Biosphere Reserve: Madhya Pradesh: 2020 [6]
Ecosystem diversity addresses the combined characteristics of biotic properties which are living organisms (biodiversity) and abiotic properties such as nonliving things like water or soil (geodiversity). It is a variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet.
Biodiversity Other Primary Boreal Forests: 1,042 billion tonnes of carbon, more than currently found in the atmosphere, 2 times more than all human caused emissions since the year 1870. Biodiversity services given by Canada forest alone are estimated as 703 billion dollars per year. Important for almost half of the birds in North America.
[13] [15] [16] Biodiversity plays an important role in ecosystem services which by definition maintain and improve human quality of life. [ 14 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Conservation priorities and management techniques require different approaches and considerations to address the full ecological scope of biodiversity.
[8] In other related studies, around 1.9 million extant species are believed to have been described currently, [9] but some scientists believe 20% are synonyms, reducing the total valid described species to 1.5 million. In 2013, a study published in Science estimated there to be 5 ± 3 million extant species on Earth although that is disputed. [10]
A variety of objective means exist to empirically measure biodiversity. Each measure relates to a particular use of the data, and is likely to be associated with the variety of genes. Biodiversity is commonly measured in terms of taxonomic richness of a geographic area over a time interval. In order to calculate biodiversity, species evenness ...