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Cardiac reserve refers to the difference between the rates at which the heart pumps blood - at any given time versus its maximum capacity. A measurement of the cardiac reserve may be a health indicator for some medical conditions. Cardiac reserve may be 4-5 times greater than a resting value for a healthy person.
The calculation formula is: Rate Pressure Product (RPP) = Heart Rate (HR) * Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) The units for the Heart Rate are beats per minute and for the Blood Pressure mmHg . Rate pressure product is a measure of the stress put on the cardiac muscle based on the number of times it needs to beat per minute (HR) and the arterial ...
The Karvonen method factors in resting heart rate (HR rest) to calculate target heart rate (THR), using a range of 50–85% intensity: [54] THR = ((HR max − HR rest) × % intensity) + HR rest. Equivalently, THR = (HR reserve × % intensity) + HR rest. Example for someone with a HR max of 180 and a HR rest of 70 (and therefore a HR reserve of ...
[citation needed] The heart rate formula most often used for the Bruce is the Karvonen formula (below). A more accurate formula, offered in a study published in the journal, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, is 206.9 - (0.67 x age) which can also be used to more accurately determine VO2 Max, but may produce significantly different results.
There are different ways to define CI. One common threshold is not being able to reach 80% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (APMHR), which is said to be 220 – age. Another definition is not being able to reach 80% of the expected heart rate reserve, that is, the difference between the individual's resting heart rate and APMHR. [1]
Modalities applied to measurement of ejection fraction is an emerging field of medical mathematics and subsequent computational applications. The first common measurement method is echocardiography, [7] [8] although cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), [8] [9] cardiac computed tomography, [8] [9] ventriculography and nuclear medicine (gated SPECT and radionuclide angiography) [8] [10 ...
Coronary flow reserve is used in diagnostics and treatment of patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease and syndrome X. [7] In the treatment of these conditions, vasodilators are used to allow sufficient blood to flow past a stenosis, for example, and the measurement of CFR enables the efficacy of such interventions to be measured.
Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure. [3] [4]The systemic pulse pressure is approximately proportional to stroke volume, or the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during systole (pump action) and inversely proportional to the compliance (similar to elasticity) of the aorta.