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One of the first major discoveries relevant to the field of pulmonology was the discovery of pulmonary circulation.Originally, it was thought that blood reaching the right side of the heart passed through small 'pores' in the septum into the left side to be oxygenated, as theorized by Galen; however, the discovery of pulmonary circulation disproves this theory, which had previously been ...
The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs.
The differences between the atmospheric and intrapulmonary pressures, driving air in and out of the lungs during the breathing cycle, are in the region of only 2–3 kPa. [18] [19] A doubling or more of these small pressure differences could be achieved only by very major changes in the breathing effort at high altitudes.
The pulmonary circulation as it passes from the heart. Showing both the pulmonary and bronchial arteries. The pulmonary circulation is the part of the circulatory system in which oxygen-depleted blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery, to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
The pathophysiology of pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale) has always indicated that an increase in right ventricular afterload causes RV failure (pulmonary vasoconstriction, anatomic disruption/pulmonary vascular bed and increased blood viscosity are usually involved [1]), however most of the time, the right ventricle adjusts to an overload in chronic pressure.
The heart functions as a pump and acts as a double pump in the cardiovascular system to provide a continuous circulation of blood throughout the body. This circulation includes the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation. Both circuits transport blood but they can also be seen in terms of the gases they carry.
(Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow and of the laws that govern the circulation of blood in the blood vessels.) [5] It follows that the examiner's knowledge of venous hemodynamics is crucial, which can be a real barrier to a radiologist, untrained in this field, who might wish to carry out these examinations.
Ventilation refers to the in-and-out movement of air of the lungs and perfusion is the circulation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries. [1] In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory cycles of inhaled and exhaled breaths .