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The practical importance of high (i.e. close to 1) transference numbers of the charge-shuttling ion (i.e. Li+ in lithium-ion batteries) is related to the fact, that in single-ion devices (such as lithium-ion batteries) electrolytes with the transfer number of the ion near 1, concentration gradients do not develop. A constant electrolyte ...
The methyl red (MR) test can detect whether the mixed acid fermentation pathway occurs in microbes when given glucose. A pH indicator is used that turns the test solution red if the pH drops below 4.4. [12] If the fermentation pathway has taken place, the mixture of acids it has produced will make the solution very acidic and cause a red colour ...
In lactic acid fermentation, each pyruvate molecule is directly reduced by NADH. The only byproduct from this type of fermentation is lactate . Lactic acid fermentation is used by human muscle cells as a means of generating ATP during strenuous exercise where oxygen consumption is higher than the supplied oxygen.
The TSI slant is a test tube that contains agar, a pH-sensitive dye , 1% lactose, 1% sucrose, 0.1% glucose, [2] and sodium thiosulfate and ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate. All of these ingredients are mixed together, heated to sterility, and allowed to solidify in the test tube at a slanted angle.
The pH indicator Methyl Red is added to one tube and a red color appears at pH's lower than 4.2, indicating a positive test (mixed acid fermentation is used). The solution remaining yellow (pH = 6.2 or above) indicates a negative test, meaning the butanediol fermentation is used.
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Numerous fermentation pathways exist such as lactic acid fermentation, mixed acid fermentation, 2-3 butanediol fermentation where organic compounds are reduced to organic acids and alcohol. [8] [4] The energy yield of anaerobic respiration and fermentation (i.e. the number of ATP molecules generated) is less than in aerobic respiration. [8]