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  2. Ultrafiltration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafiltration

    Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the ...

  3. Membrane technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology

    The dead-end membrane separation process is easy to implement and the process is usually cheaper than cross-flow membrane filtration. The dead-end filtration process is usually a batch -type process, where the filtering solution is loaded (or slowly fed) into the membrane device, which then allows passage of some particles subject to the ...

  4. Cross-flow filtration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-flow_filtration

    The process can be used at different stages during purification, depending on the type of membrane selected. [ 2 ] In the photograph of an industrial filtration unit (right), it is possible to see that the recycle pipework is considerably larger than either the feed pipework (vertical pipe on the right hand side) or the permeate pipework (small ...

  5. Membrane fouling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_fouling

    Membrane fouling is a process whereby a solution or a particle is deposited on a membrane surface or in membrane pores in a processes such as in a membrane bioreactor, [1] reverse osmosis, [2] forward osmosis, [3] membrane distillation, [4] ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or nanofiltration [5] so that the membrane's performance is degraded.

  6. Pervaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervaporation

    The term pervaporation is a portmanteau of the two steps of the process: (a) permeation through the membrane by the permeate, then (b) its evaporation into the vapor phase. . This process is used by a number of industries for several different processes, including purification and analysis, due to its simplicity and in-line natu

  7. List of wastewater treatment technologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wastewater...

    Flotation process; Forward osmosis; Froth flotation; Hydrocyclone; Imhoff tank; Induced gas flotation; Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) Ion exchange; Lamella clarifier (inclined plate clarifier) [1] Living Machine; Maceration (sewage) Media filter; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane distillation; Membrane fouling; Microbial fuel cell ...

  8. Membrane bioreactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_bioreactor

    Membrane bioreactors are combinations of membrane processes like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process. These technologies are now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment . [ 1 ]

  9. Hollow fiber membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_fiber_membrane

    A reinforced immersed hollow fiber membrane cassette used in membrane bioreactor process for water treatment [10] Hollow fiber membranes are ubiquitously used in industrial separations, especially the filtration of drinking water. [11] Industrial water filters are mainly equipped with ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes.

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