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  2. The Monsters and the Critics, and Other Essays - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Monsters_and_the...

    The essays are: "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" looks at the critics' understanding of Beowulf, and proposes instead a fresh take on the poem. "On Translating Beowulf " looks at the difficulties in translating the poem from Old English. "On Fairy-Stories", the 1939 Andrew Lang lecture at St Andrew's University, is a defence of the ...

  3. Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and...

    Title page of Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics, 1936 "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" was a 1936 lecture given by J. R. R. Tolkien on literary criticism on the Old English heroic epic poem Beowulf. It was first published as a paper in the Proceedings of the British Academy, and has since been reprinted in many collections.

  4. Grímur Jónsson Thorkelin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grímur_Jónsson_Thorkelin

    The Thorkelín transcriptions are now an important textual source for Beowulf, as the original manuscript's margins have suffered from deterioration and vandalism throughout the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. His early copies provide a record in many areas where the text would otherwise be lost forever.

  5. Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf

    In 2000 (2nd edition 2013), Liuzza published his own version of Beowulf in a parallel text with the Old English, [105] with his analysis of the poem's historical, oral, religious and linguistic contexts. [106] R. D. Fulk, of Indiana University, published a facing-page edition and translation of the entire Nowell Codex manuscript in 2010. [107]

  6. Beowulf and Middle-earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth

    Beowulf is an epic poem in Old English, telling the story of its eponymous pagan hero.He becomes King of the Geats after ridding Heorot, the hall of the Danish king Hrothgar, of the monster Grendel, [a] who was ravaging the land; he dies saving his people from a dragon.

  7. On Translating Beowulf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf

    Tolkien ends the essay with an analysis of lines 210–228 of Beowulf, providing the original text, marked up with stresses and his metrical patterns for each half-line, as well as a literal translation with poetical words underlined. He notes that there are three words for boat and for wave, five for men, four for sea: in each case some are ...

  8. Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf:_A_Translation_and...

    It represents Tolkien's attempt to reconstruct the folktale underlying the narrative of the first half of Beowulf. The book ends with two versions of Tolkien's "The Lay of Beowulf". The former, subtitled "Beowulf and Grendel", is a poem or song [5] of seven eight-line stanzas about Beowulf's victory over Grendel. The latter is a poem of fifteen ...

  9. Unferð - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unferð

    Beowulf replies haughtily to Hunferth" (1910) by John Henry F. Bacon. In the Old English epic poem Beowulf, Unferth or Hunferth is a thegn (a retainer, servant) of the Danish lord Hrothgar. He appears five times in the poem — four times by the name 'Hunferð' (at lines 499, 530, 1165 and 1488) and once by the appellation "the son of Eclafes ...