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The Argand lamp was introduced to Thomas Jefferson in Paris in 1784 and according to him gave off "a light equal to six or eight candles." [ 4 ] These new lamps, much more complex and costly than the previous primitive oil lamps, were first adopted by the wealthy, but soon spread to the middle classes and eventually the less well-off as well.
The Carcel lamp was an efficient lighting device used in the nineteenth century for domestic purposes and in France as the standard measure for illumination. The lamp was invented in 1800 by the French watchmaker Bertrand Guillaume Carcel [ fr ] (1750–1812) to overcome the disadvantages of the Argand-type lamps then in use.
Today, torchère lamps use fluorescent, halogen, or LED light bulbs. Adjusting the pulse-width modulation in the electronic ballast can allow the fluorescent torchères to be dimmed. Halogen torchères usually came with a simple switch. Some more expensive models have a TRIAC dimmer circuit built into the stem. Early lamps with 300W bulbs ...
The Crusie lamp consists of two lamp pans, one above the other. Fuel drip from the upper lamp pan fell into the lower pan minimizing oil/grease mess below the lamp. In the evolution to the Betty lamp, replacing the upper lamp pan with a metal wick holder inside the lower pan reduces the amount of metal needed for the lamp.
A disadvantage of the lamp was that the weight mechanism had to be manually raised several times in one evening. If this was not done the wick burned. [4] Moderator lamps replaced the more complex clockwork-driven Carcel lamps and were widely used by the end of the 19th century, for both residential lighting and for lighthouses.
Charles-Joseph Pigeon (29 March 1838 – 18 March 1915) was born in Le Mesnil-Lieubray in Normandy in France.. He started as a salesman in Le Bon Marché in Paris, where he became a close friend of Ernest Cognacq, subsequently the founder of the Samaritaine department store.
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