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Biosynthesis: The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase uses 3-dehydroquinate to produce 3-dehydroshikimate and H 2 O. 3-Dehydroshikimate is then reduced to shikimic acid by the enzyme shikimate dehydrogenase, which uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor. Biosynthesis of shikimic acid from 3-dehydroquinate
3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.118) is an enzyme with systematic name 3-dehydroshikimate hydro-lyase. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 3-dehydro-shikimate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H 2 O
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-dehydroquinate hydro-lyase (3-dehydroshikimate-forming). This enzyme is one of the few examples of convergent evolution. The two separate versions of this enzyme have different amino acid sequences. [2] 3-Dehydroquinate dehydratase is also commonly referred to as Dehydroquinate dehydratase and DHQD ...
In enzymology, a shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction shikimate + NADP + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are shikimate and NADP + , whereas its 3 products are 3-dehydroshikimate , NADPH , and H + .
The fifth enzyme involved is the shikimate kinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate (shown in the figure below). [1] [2] Shikimate 3-phosphate is then coupled with phosphoenol pyruvate to give 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate via the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate ...
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Shikimic acid can also be extracted from the seeds of the sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) fruit, [2] which is abundant in North America, in yields of around 1.5%. For example, 4 kg (8.8 lb) of sweetgum seeds is needed for fourteen packages of Tamiflu. By comparison, star anise has been reported to yield 3% to 7% shikimic acid.
Pushed out of the barn to let Spirit recover by Mr. Granger, Lucky helps Mr. Winthrop by giving people ice cream cones and sundaes. But she runs into trouble when she starts giving people advice, leading her to quickly become overwhelmed.