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In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that =; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1] For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 because = =.
Robert Munafo, Extension of the hyper4 function to reals (An informal discussion about extending tetration to the real numbers.) Lode Vandevenne, Tetration of the Square Root of Two. (2004). (Attempt to extend tetration to real numbers.) Ioannis Galidakis, Mathematics, (Definitive list of references to tetration research. Much information on ...
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
A square root of a number x is a number r which, when squared, becomes x: =. Every positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the two square roots of 25 are 5 and −5. The positive square root is also known as the principal square root, and is denoted with a radical sign:
Among irrational numbers are the ratio π of a circle's circumference to its diameter, Euler's number e, the golden ratio φ, and the square root of two. [1] In fact, all square roots of natural numbers, other than of perfect squares, are irrational. [2] Like all real numbers, irrational numbers can be expressed in positional notation, notably ...
In particular √ D belongs to [], being a root of the equation x 2 − D = 0, which has 4D as its discriminant. The square root of any integer is a quadratic integer, as every integer can be written n = m 2 D, where D is a square-free integer, and its square root is a root of x 2 − m 2 D = 0.
The two square roots of a negative number are both imaginary numbers, and the square root symbol refers to the principal square root, the one with a positive imaginary part. For the definition of the principal square root of other complex numbers, see Square root § Principal square root of a complex number.
In the case in which the cubic has only one real root, the real root is given by this expression with the radicands of the cube roots being real and with the cube roots being the real cube roots. In the case of three real roots, the square root expression is an imaginary number; here any real root is expressed by defining the first cube root to ...