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In criminology, subcultural theory emerged from the work of the Chicago School on gangs and developed through the symbolic interactionism school into a set of theories arguing that certain groups or subcultures in society have values and attitudes that are conducive to crime and violence.
Black received his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Michigan in 1968, and he taught at the law schools of both Yale and Harvard before moving to Virginia in 1985. Black authored The Behavior of Law , The Manners and Customs of the Police , and Sociological Justice , all of which present various aspects of his theory of law.
Rape myths refer to the inaccurate views and stereotypes of forced sexual acts, and the victims and perpetuators of them. [9] These notions are prevalent among the general population and often suggest that the victims of non-consensual sexual acts have bad reputations, are promiscuous, dress provocatively, or are fabricating assault when they regret the consensual acts after the fact. [9]
Cultural criminology is a subfield in the study of crime that focuses on the ways in which the "dynamics of meaning underpin every process in criminal justice, including the definition of crime itself." [1]: 6 In other words, cultural criminology seeks to understand crime through the context of culture and cultural processes. [2]
Pure sociology explains social life with its social geometry. [9] Social life refers to any instance of human behavior—such as law, suicide, gossip, or art — while the social geometry of a behavior, also called its social structure, refers to the social characteristics of those involved—such as their degree of past interaction or their level of wealth.
Black market, White-collar crime, Deviant behavior, International sociology Marshall Barron Clinard (November 12, 1911 – May 30, 2010) was an American sociologist who specialized in criminology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Criminological studies spanned across his entire career, from an examination of the Black Market during World War II to much more general ...
Critical criminologists assert that how crime is defined is socially and historically contingent, that is, what constitutes a crime varies in different social situations and different periods of history. The conclusion that critical criminological theorists draw from this is that crime is socially constructed by the state and those in power. [8]
"The contribution of social-psychological strain theory to the explanation of crime and delinquency." Advances in Criminological Theory: The Legacy of Anomie Theory, Volume 6, edited by Freda Adler and William Laufer. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction (1995) "Stability and change in crime over the life course: A strain theory explanation."