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2.4 million (2016) [ 9 ] Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that affects a person's ability to perform everyday activities. This typically involves problems with memory, thinking, behavior, and motor control. [ 10 ]
Alois Alzheimer is often credited with first linking plaques to dementia in a 1906 presentation (published in 1907), [12] but this short report focused mainly on neurofibrillary tangles, and plaques were only briefly mentioned. [4] Alzheimer's first substantive description of plaques appeared in 1911. [11]
Neurofibrillary tangle. Microscopy of a cell with neurofibrillary tangles (marked by arrows) Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that are most commonly known as a primary biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Their presence is also found in numerous other diseases known as tauopathies.
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a type of dementia, a group of diseases involving progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system. [ 11 ] It is one of the two Lewy body dementias, along with Parkinson's disease dementia. [ 12 ] Dementia with Lewy bodies can be classified in other ways.
Signs and symptoms. Frontotemporal dementia is an early onset disorder that mostly occurs between the ages of 45 and 65, [13] but can begin earlier, and in 20–25% of cases onset is later. [11][14] Men and women appear to be equally affected. [15] It is the most common early presenting dementia. [16]
Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, [1] is a form of small-vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. [2] White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. [3]
Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of dementia and staging can be essential to proper clinical care. Without the ability to reliably assess dementia across the board, the misuse of anti-dementia compounds could have negative consequences, such as patients receiving the wrong medication, or not receiving treatment in the early stages of ...
The prevention of dementia involves reducing the number of risk factors for the development of dementia, and is a global health priority needing a global response. [1] [2] Initiatives include the establishment of the International Research Network on Dementia Prevention (IRNDP) [3] which aims to link researchers in this field globally, and the establishment of the Global Dementia Observatory ...