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While these staple lower-body movements are popular for a reason, switching up your "leg day" exercises and adding new exercises to the mix can help you take your lower-body strength to the next ...
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
This valvular incompetence combined with persistent venous obstruction from thrombus increases the pressure in veins and capillaries. Venous hypertension induces a rupture of small superficial veins, subcutaneous hemorrhage [7] and an increase of tissue permeability. That is manifested by pain, swelling, discoloration, and even ulceration. [8]
Preexisting cardiac disease and high blood pressure [2] [5] [3] Hypertension correlates with greater increases in peripheral vasoconstriction on cold exposure. Combined with diastolic dysfunction due to hypertrophy of left ventricular walls causes high risk. [3] Immersion in cold water. [3]
Ankle, feet, and leg swelling This occurs because of a phenomenon known as third spacing. Third spacing occurs because the heart is unable to pump the blood throughout the body, and thus the fluid pools up in your veins. The fluid then eventually leaves your veins and enters the interstitial space, causing swelling.
Causes of edema that are generalized to the whole body can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally. For example, severe heart failure can cause pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, ascites and peripheral edema. Such severe systemic edema is called anasarca. In rare cases, a parvovirus B19 infection may cause generalized edemas. [9]
Since the main causes of right ventricular hypertrophy is tricuspid regurgitation or pulmonary hypertension (discussed above), management involves treatment of these conditions. [3] Tricuspid regurgitation is typically treated conservatively by aiming to treat the underlying cause and following up the patient regularly. [12]
Other inherited causes of left ventricular hypertrophy may include Fabry disease, Friedreich's ataxia, and certain medications such as tacrolimus. [5] Other considerations for causes of enlarged heart are athlete's heart and hypertension (high blood pressure). [ 10 ]