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The Beta variant, [1] [2] (B.1.351), [a] was [5] [6] a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. One of several SARS-CoV-2 variants initially believed to be of particular importance , it was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay [ 7 ] metropolitan area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in October 2020, [ 8 ] which was ...
Variants with N501Y include Gamma, [288] [125] Alpha (VOC 20DEC-01), Beta, and COH.20G/501Y (identified in Columbus, Ohio). [1] This last became the dominant form of the virus in Columbus in late December 2020 and January and appears to have evolved independently of other variants. [297] [298]
The discovery of TTMV, like the original Torque Teno virus (TTV) isolate, was accidental. After TTV was isolated in 1997 from a Japanese patient, primers were created to study TTV in more detail.
The virus has coevolved in the bat host reservoir over a long period of time. [17] Only recently have strains of SARS-related coronavirus been observed to have evolved into having been able to make the cross-species jump from bats to humans, as in the case of the strains SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 .
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The virus can spread to different organs throughout the chicken. [131] The virus is transmitted by aerosol and food contaminated by feces. Different vaccines against IBV exist and have helped to limit the spread of the virus and its variants. [127] Infectious bronchitis virus is one of a number of strains of the species Avian coronavirus. [133]
Betacoronavirus (β-CoVs or Beta-CoVs) is one of four genera (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Delta-) of coronaviruses. Member viruses are enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses that infect mammals, including humans. The natural reservoir for betacoronaviruses are bats and rodents.
A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. [2] After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backward).