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The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids. In most tetrapods, the quadrate bone connects to the quadratojugal and squamosal bones in the skull, and forms upper part of the jaw joint. The lower jaw articulates at the articular bone, located at the rear end of the ...
Temporal fenestrae in relation to the other skull openings in the dinosaur Massospondylus, a type of diapsid. The supratemporal fenestra, also called the upper temporal fenestra, is positioned above the other fenestra and is exposed primarily in dorsal (top) view. In some reptiles, particularly dinosaurs, the parts of the skull roof lying ...
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds. In fishes, it is also called the pterotic bone. [1] In most tetrapods, the squamosal and quadratojugal bones form the cheek series of the skull. [2] The bone forms an ancestral component of the dermal roof and is typically thin compared to other skull bones. [3]
In most modern reptiles and amphibians, the quadratojugal is a prominent, straplike bone in the skull and provides structural integrity in the postorbital region of the skull. [6] In many reptiles, the inner face of the quadratojugal also connects to the quadrate bone which forms the cranium's contribution to the jaw joint.
Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media), separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest housing the temporal lobe [3] Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior), between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli, containing the brainstem and cerebellum [4]
The jugal bone is located on either side of the skull in the circumorbital region. It is the origin of several masticatory muscles in the skull. [1] The jugal and lacrimal bones are the only two remaining from the ancestral circumorbital series: the prefrontal, postfrontal, postorbital, jugal, and lacrimal bones. [2]
Anteriorly, the posterior cranial fossa is bounded by the dorsum sellae, posterior aspect of the body of sphenoid bone, and the basilar part of occipital bone/clivus. [2] Laterally, it is bounded by the petrous parts and mastoid parts of the temporal bones, and the lateral parts of occipital bone. [2]
This species is a relative large frog with a snout–to–vent length of 5.8 to 8 cm (2.3–3.1 in). It has numerous sharp, pointed projections on the head and dorsal surface, hence the common name. [7] The skin on the head is fused to the skull and the tympanum is very large. The legs are long and slender and the digits have adhesive discs at ...