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  2. Taxonomic rank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank

    In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank [1] because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a hierarchy that reflects evolutionary

  3. Domain (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(biology)

    A speculatively rooted tree for RNA genes, showing major branches Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota The three-domain tree and the eocyte hypothesis (two-domain tree), 2008. [7] Phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between the eukaryotes and other forms of life, 2006. [8] Eukaryotes are colored red, archaea green, and bacteria blue.

  4. Taxonomy (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)

    Partial classifications exist for many individual groups of organisms and are revised and replaced as new information becomes available; however, comprehensive, published treatments of most or all life are rarer; recent examples are that of Adl et al., 2012 and 2019, [81] [82] which covers eukaryotes only with an emphasis on protists, and ...

  5. Biological organisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_organisation

    Each level in the hierarchy represents an increase in organisational complexity, with each "object" being primarily composed of the previous level's basic unit. [2] The basic principle behind the organisation is the concept of emergence —the properties and functions found at a hierarchical level are not present and irrelevant at the lower levels.

  6. Kingdom (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)

    The kingdom-level classification of life is still widely employed as a useful way of grouping organisms, notwithstanding some problems with this approach: Kingdoms such as Protozoa represent grades rather than clades , and so are rejected by phylogenetic classification systems.

  7. Seven heavens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Heavens

    The number seven appears frequently in Babylonian magical rituals. [13] The seven Jewish and the seven Islamic heavens may have had their origin in Babylonian astronomy. [1] In general, the heavens is not a place for humans in Mesopotamian religion. As Gilgamesh says to his friend Enkidu, in the Epic of Gilgamesh: "Who can go up to the heavens ...

  8. The Nine Consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nine_Consciousness

    All six levels form the sentient mind. [4] The seventh consciousness, unlike the prior six levels, is directed towards one's inner thoughts [8] without sensory input. [7] Also known as "mano" in Sanskrit, [8] [9] this level deals with the abstract, and helps us "apprehend and express the unseen, or spiritual, side of life. [6]" One can then ...

  9. Linnaean taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy

    Since then, various life forms have been moved into three new kingdoms: Monera, for prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria); Protista, for protozoans and most algae; and Fungi. This five-kingdom scheme is still far from the phylogenetic ideal and has largely been supplanted in modern taxonomic work by a division into three domains: Bacteria and Archaea ...