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The rationale behind the establishment of European Works Councils is related to the economic and political integration of the European Union. As companies became more transnational, the local information and consultation bodies (such as works councils) lacked a direct link to the level on which the real decisions are taken. As EWCs bring ...
A similar transnational consultative body exists for employees of Societates Europaeae, called SE-Representative-Body or SE Works Council. This went into effect in 2004 with the Employee Involvement Directive (2001/86/EC). [4] SE Works Councils are comparable with European Works Councils according to the European Trade Union Institute. [5]
The original Directive (Council Directive 2011/16 [2]) entered into force in 2011 and established a framework for co-operation between Member states of the European Union in direct tax matters. The Directive excludes from its scope value-added tax matters, although a separate regulation (Council Regulation No. 904/2010) establishes similar ...
§77 of the Works Constitution Act specifies that works agreements cannot deal with matters, primarily dealt through collective bargaining, i.e., wage increases.Section §87(1) outlines 14 different areas of enforceable co-determination, insofar as they are not already regulated in existing collective agreements specific to that company and industry, unless such collective agreements ...
In total, the requirement to inform and consult the workforce (negotiate with a view to agreement) is found in four directives. European Works Council Directive 2009/38/EC [permanent dead link ] art 6(3) Information and Consultation Directive 2002/14/EC art 4(2) Business Transfers Directive 2001/23/EC art 7; Collective Redundancies Directive ...
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The Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) was a proposal for a common tax scheme for the European Union developed by the European Commission and first proposed in March 2011 that provides a single set of rules for how EU corporations calculate EU taxes, and provide the ability to consolidate EU taxes. [1]
Subsequently, the agreements for work councils were codified in the Works Constitution Act, passed on 11 October 1952 in West Germany. Trade unions in Germany wanted much more, [4] including the formalisation of works council members as union representatives, and the expansion of the Coal Co-Determination Act [] in all industries.