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However, some of these side effects were serious enough for several people on PrEP to file lawsuits against the makers of Truvada as well as the makers of other similar drugs. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] While osteopenia or bone loss was reported in clinical studies, it was considered minimal and did not lead to osteoporosis.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is the use of medications to prevent the spread of disease in people who have not yet been exposed to a disease-causing agent. Vaccination is the most commonly used form of pre-exposure prophylaxis ; other forms of pre-exposure prophylaxis generally involve drug treatment, known as chemoprophylaxis .
Common side effects include headache, tiredness, trouble sleeping, abdominal pain, weight loss, and rash. [5] Serious side effects may include high blood lactate levels and enlargement of the liver. [7] Use of this medication during pregnancy does not appear to harm the fetus, but this has not been well studied. [1]
Because of the complexity of selecting and following a regimen, the potential for side effects, and the importance of taking medications regularly to prevent viral resistance, such organizations emphasize the importance of involving patients in therapy choices and recommend analyzing the risks and the potential benefits. [7]
Macrogol came into use as a bowel prep in 1980 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1999. [10] [11] [12] It is available as a generic medication and over the counter. [3] [13] In 2022, it was the 209th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
During drug development, attention switched to the phosphonate ester derivative, tenofovir disoproxil, which was the subject of extensive process chemistry to provide a viable manufacturing route. Adenine is first reacted with a chiral version of propylene carbonate with R absolute configuration , using sodium hydroxide as base .
Side effects may include trouble sleeping, weight gain, and rash. [2] [3] While there are concerns that use during pregnancy results in a 0.2% increased risk of neural tube defects in the baby, this does not rule out its use. [2] Use remains recommended after the first trimester. [2] Use is not recommended in those with kidney problems. [3]
Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea. [6] Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels. [6] It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus. [6] ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. [6]
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