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The full clinical picture was first presented by Friedrich Wegener (1907–1990), a German pathologist, in two reports in 1936 and 1939, leading to the eponymous name Wegener's granulomatosis or Wegener granulomatosis (English: / ˈ v ɛ ɡ ə n ər /). [10]
Friedrich Wegener (7 April 1907, Varel – 9 July 1990, Lübeck, [veːɡɐnəɐ̯]) was a German pathologist who is notable for his description of a rare disease originally referred to Wegener disease and now referred to as granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Although this disease was known before Wegener's description, from the 1950s onwards it ...
Subsequent studies found that the cells infiltrating the midline tissues in cases of lethal midline granuloma that were not clearly diagnosed as granulomatosis with polyangiitis were: a) infected by the Epstein–Barr virus [2] and b) consisted of malignant lymphocytes, usually NK cells or, rarely, cytotoxic T cells. [3]
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), is a rare immune-mediated systemic disease with an unclear etiology. It manifests pathologically as an inflammatory response pattern in the kidneys, upper and lower respiratory tracts , and granulomatous inflammation, which includes necrosis .
The signs and symptoms of microscopic polyangiitis may resemble those of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (another form of small-vessel vasculitis) but typically lacks the significant upper respiratory tract involvement (e.g., sinusitis) frequently seen in people affected by GPA. [citation needed]
Wegener's granulomatosis – Friedrich Wegener (This usage is now formally discouraged by professional medical societies due to the Nazi associations of the eponymous physician. The disease is now known as granulomatosis with polyangiitis.) Weil's disease – Adolf Weil; Welander distal myopathy – Lisa Welander; Wells syndrome – George ...
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis consists of three stages, but not all patients develop all three stages or progress from one stage to the next in the same order; [7] whereas some patients may develop severe or life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal involvement and heart disease, some patients are only mildly affected, e.g. with skin lesions and nasal polyps. [8]
The additional cells are sometimes a clue to the cause of the granuloma. For example, granulomas with numerous eosinophils may be a clue to coccidioidomycosis or allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease, and granulomas with numerous neutrophils suggest blastomycosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, aspiration pneumonia, or cat-scratch disease.