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Periodate (/ p ə ˈ r aɪ. ə d eɪ t / pə-RY-ə-dayt) is an anion composed of iodine and oxygen.It is one of a number of oxyanions of iodine and is the highest in the series, with iodine existing in oxidation state +7.
[2] HIO 3 + NH 3 → NH 4 IO 3. Using its low solubility in water, it can also be precipitated from an iodate solution with an ammonium salt. 2 KIO 3 + (NH 4) 2 SO 4 → 2 NH 4 IO 3 + K 2 SO 4. Unlike other iodates, ammonium iodate can't be prepared by dissolving iodine in an ammonium hydroxide solution, instead the highly explosive nitrogen ...
As such, iodide is the best leaving group among the halogens, to such an extent that many organoiodine compounds turn yellow when stored over time due to decomposition into elemental iodine; as such, they are commonly used in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. [22]
The compound is stable on a temperature up to approximately 580 °C (1,076 °F). If the temperature is higher than that value, the following reaction, known as Rammelsberg 's reaction, occurs: [ 3 ] 5 Ba(IO 3 ) 2 → Ba 5 (IO 6 ) 2 + 9 O 2 + 4 I 2
Calcium iodate, Ca(IO 3) 2, is the principal ore of iodine. It is also used as a nutritional supplement for cattle. Potassium iodate, KIO 3, like potassium iodide, has been issued as a prophylaxis against radioiodine absorption in some countries. [4] [5] It is also one of the iodine compounds used to make iodized salt. [6]
The compound appears to be highly unstable but can react with alkenes to give halogenated products. [ 7 ] Radical iodine oxide (IO), iodine dioxide (IO 2 ), collectively referred to as I x O y and iodine tetroxide ((I 2 O 4 ) all possess significant and interconnected atmospheric chemistry.
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Because the S 2− anion has a subscript of 2 in the formula (giving a 4− charge), the compound must be balanced with a 4+ charge on the Pb cation (lead can form cations with a 4+ or a 2+ charge). Thus, the compound is made of one Pb 4+ cation to every two S 2− anions, the compound is balanced, and its name is written as lead(IV) sulfide.