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Mass transfer – Net movement of mass from one location, phase, etc. to another; Mass flux – Vector quantity describing mass flow rate through a given area; Osmosis – Migration of molecules to a region of lower solute concentration; Permeation – Penetration of a liquid, gas, or vapor through a solid
2-dimensional random walk of a silver adatom on an Ag(111) surface [1] Simulation of the Brownian motion of a large particle, analogous to a dust particle, that collides with a large set of smaller particles, analogous to molecules of a gas, which move with different velocities in different random directions.
Therefore, the "net" movement of oxygen molecules (the difference between the number of molecules either entering or leaving the cell) is into the cell. In other words, there is a net movement of oxygen molecules down the concentration gradient. In astronomy, atomic diffusion is used to model the stellar atmospheres of chemically peculiar stars.
This allows us to study the effects of diffusion in a discrete manner to understand the movement of individual atoms, molecules, plasma etc. In such a process, the movements of diffusing species (atoms, molecules, plasma etc.) are treated as a discrete entity, following a random walk through the CVD reactor, boundary layer, material structures etc.
Liquid is one of the four primary states of matter, with the others being solid, gas and plasma. A liquid is a fluid. Unlike a solid, the molecules in a liquid have a much greater freedom to move. The forces that bind the molecules together in a solid are only temporary in a liquid, allowing a liquid to flow while a solid remains rigid.
The process of osmosis over a semipermeable membrane.The blue dots represent particles driving the osmotic gradient. Osmosis (/ ɒ z ˈ m oʊ s ɪ s /, US also / ɒ s-/) [1] is the spontaneous net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential (region of lower solute concentration) to a region of low water potential ...
Rotational diffusion is the rotational movement which acts upon any object such as particles, molecules, atoms when present in a fluid, by random changes in their orientations. Although the directions and intensities of these changes are statistically random, they do not arise randomly and are instead the result of interactions between particles.
[14] [46] Whereas swarming is a multicellular 2D movement over a surface and requires the presence of surfactant substances, swimming is movement of individual cells in liquid environments. [47] [3] Other types of movement occurring on solid surfaces include twitching, gliding and sliding, which are all independent of flagella.