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All known prion diseases in mammals affect the structure of the brain or other neural tissues. These diseases are progressive, have no known effective treatment, and are invariably fatal. [9] Most prion diseases were thought to be caused by PrP until 2015 when a prion form of alpha-synuclein was linked to multiple system atrophy (MSA). [10]
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, [1] are a group of progressive, incurable, and fatal conditions that are associated with prions and affect the brain and nervous system of many animals, including humans, cattle, and sheep.
The prion gene that codes for the prion protein is highly conserved in most mammals, meaning the gene is similar and present in most species of mammals. Three locations on the prion protein gene have been identified as highly polymorphic and may have an effect on scrapie: codons 136, 154, and 171. [55]
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), sometimes called zombie deer disease, is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) affecting deer.TSEs are a family of diseases thought to be caused by misfolded proteins called prions and include similar diseases such as BSE (mad cow disease) in cattle, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. [2]
The abnormal protein PrP Sc accumulates in the brain and destroys nerve cells, which leads to the mental and behavioral features of prion diseases. [citation needed] Several other changes in the PRNP gene (called polymorphisms) do not cause prion diseases but may affect a person's risk of developing these diseases or alter the course of the ...
The CDC states that CWD is a prion disease or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Other TSEs include bovine spongiform encephalopathy or “mad cow disease” in cattle and scrapie in sheep ...
Other human prion diseases include Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome and Fatal Familial Insomnia, both of which, like CJD, are extremely rare and caused by errors in the PRNP gene as well ...
They include mostly viral infections, less commonly bacterial infections, fungal infections, prion diseases and protozoan infections. Neonatal meningitis is a particular classification by age. By anatomical site