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Ontology engineering aims to make explicit the knowledge contained in software applications, and organizational procedures for a particular domain. Ontology engineering offers a direction for overcoming semantic obstacles, such as those related to the definitions of business terms and software classes.
RDF Schema (Resource Description Framework Schema, variously abbreviated as RDFS, RDF(S), RDF-S, or RDF/S) is a set of classes with certain properties using the RDF extensible knowledge representation data model, providing basic elements for the description of ontologies. It uses various forms of RDF vocabularies, intended to structure RDF ...
The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies.Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns representing classes of objects and the verbs representing relations between the objects.
Schema.org is a reference website that publishes documentation and guidelines for using structured data mark-up on web-pages (in the form of microdata, RDFa or JSON-LD).Its main objective is to standardize HTML tags to be used by webmasters for creating rich results (displayed as visual data or infographic tables on search engine results) about a certain topic of interest. [2]
Designed to provide common mapping points for relating different ontologies or schema to one another, UMBEL 1.50 WordNet: mid 1980s Version 3.1 at 2011 Princeton University: A semantic network based on psycholinguistic principles, BSD-like: wordnet.princeton.edu: 155 327 words organized in 175 979 synsets for a total of 207 016 word-sense pairs;
Ontology is the philosophical study of being.It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality.As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it.
An olog can also be viewed as a database schema.Every box (object of ) in the olog is a table and the arrows (morphisms) emanating from the box are columns in .The assignment of a particular instance to an object of is done through a functor:.
There are three main architectures that are implemented in ontology‑based data integration applications, [1] namely, Single ontology approach A single ontology is used as a global reference model in the system. This is the simplest approach as it can be simulated by other approaches. [1] SIMS [6] a prominent example of this approach.