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The Singh Sabha movement, a movement to revitalize Sikhism, also saw the resurgence of the Khalsa after their defeat in wars with the British [247] – latterly in the Second Anglo-Sikh War – and the subsequent decline and corruption of Sikh institutions during colonial rule, and the proselytization of other faith groups in the Punjab.
Trumpp's lack of understanding of the multiple languages used in the Granth and the subtle changes in meaning led to his observation that that Sikhism was "a reform movement in spirit", but "completely failed to achieve anything of real religious significance", [3] He concluding that the Sikhs he worked with did not understand the metaphysical ...
The Sikh leaders of the Singh Sabha worked to offer a clear definition of Sikh identity and tried to purify Sikh belief and practice. [109] The later years of British colonial rule saw the emergence of the Akali movement to bring reform in the gurdwaras during the early 1920s.
While this movement advocated for more autonomy for Punjab within India, the more radical separatist Khalistan movement also emerged, demanding a fully independent Sikh state. [ 11 ] [ 4 ] As the protest movement gained momentum, the government began to run out of room in jails for the over 25,000 peaceful volunteer protestors. [ 12 ]
The field is seen as beginning around the mid-20th century, during the time of the partition of the Indian subcontinent into two domains: Pakistan and India. [1] Literature in European languages regarding Sikhs and Sikhism has existed since the 18th century but the institutional environment did not exist at that period to further these inquiries and attempts into a proper field of study. [1]
The Sikh Rehat Maryada ordained by the SGPC addresses key issues such as the definition of a Sikh, personal and communal obligations such as meditation and volunteer service, rules for gurdwara services to include appropriate music and festivals, and the conduct of assorted Sikh ceremonies.
The Nirankari movement was founded by Baba Dyal Das (1783–1855), [133] as a Sikh reform movement in northwestern Punjab around the middle of the 19th century, in the later part of Ranjit Singh's reign. Nirankari means "without form", and reflects their belief that God cannot be represented in any form and that true Sikh faith is based on nam ...
The Sikhs are adherents to Sikhism, the fifth largest organized religion in the world, with around 25 million adherents. [1] Sikh History is around 500 years and in that time the Sikhs have developed unique expressions of art and culture which are influenced by their faith and synthesize traditions from many other cultures depending on the locality of the adherents of the religion.