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Ice sheets are the largest form of glacial formation. They are continent-sized ice masses that span areas over 50,000 square kilometers (19,000 square miles). [5] They are dome-shaped and, like ice caps, exhibit radial flow. [4] [5] [6] As ice sheets expand over the ocean, they become ice shelves. [6]
Greenland ice sheet as seen from space. An ice sheet is a body of ice which covers a land area of continental size - meaning that it exceeds 50,000 km 2. [4] The currently existing two ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica have a much greater area than this minimum definition, measuring at 1.7 million km 2 and 14 million km 2, respectively.
The loss of this ice sheet would take between 2,000 and 13,000 years, [59] [60] although several centuries of high greenhouse emissions could shorten this time to 500 years. [61] A sea-level rise of 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) would occur if the ice sheet collapses, leaving ice caps on the mountains, and 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in) if those ice caps also melt. [62]
Ice caps accumulate snow on their upper surfaces, and ablate snow on their lower surfaces. [6] An ice cap in equilibrium accumulates and ablates snow at the same rate. The AAR is the ratio between the accumulation area and the total area of the ice cap, which is used to indicate the health of the glacier. [6]
Glaciers often form on the edges of ice fields, serving as gravity-propelled drains off the ice field which is in turn replenished by snowfall. While an ice cap is not constrained by topography, an ice field is. An ice field is also distinguishable from an ice cap because it does not have a dome-like form. [2]
The Greenland Ice Sheet lost 5,091 sq km (1930 sq miles) of area between 1985 and 2022, according to a study in the journal Nature published on Wednesday, the first full ice-sheet wide estimate of ...
The difference between this total loss of sea ice and its 1979 state is equivalent to a trillion tons of CO 2 emissions [13] - around 40% of the 2.39 trillion tons of cumulative emissions between 1850 and 2019, [22] although around a quarter of this impact has already happened with the current sea ice loss. Relative to now, an ice-free winter ...
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