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RALD is caused by gain-of-function somatic mutations in the genes NRAS or KRAS. NRAS and KRAS are members of the RAS subfamily and are implicated in many types of cancer. [5] Somatic mutations are changes in DNA that occur after conception. Although generally somatic mutations can develop in any cell of the body, in RALD the somatic mutations ...
The impact of KRAS mutations is heavily dependent on the order of mutations. Primary KRAS mutations generally lead to a self-limiting hyperplastic or borderline lesion, but if they occur after a previous APC mutation it often progresses to cancer. [18] KRAS mutations are more commonly observed in cecal cancers than colorectal cancers located in ...
Unlike undersized cats of normal proportions (such as Toy and Teacup Persians), [6] dwarf cats suffer from a genetic mutation called pseudoachondroplasia (dwarfism without enlarged heads), a type of osteochondrodysplasia (bone and cartilage disorder). These genetic disorders of bone and cartilage are typically manifested as abnormal bone shape ...
Somatic mutations in the Ras/MAPK pathway can cause cancers and disorders such as RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder (RALD) or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). These syndromes may share some features with RASopathies but are not considered true RASopathies if caused by somatic mutation. [ 3 ]
In some breeds of cats congenital sensorineural deafness is very common, with most white cats (but not albinos) being affected, particularly if they also have blue eyes. [1] The gene responsible for this defect is the KIT gene, and the disease is studied in the hope that it may shed light on the causes of hereditary deafness in humans. [8]
Mammary gland tumors are the third common type of cancer in older female cats, with the most common symptom manifesting as a lump in the breast tissue. [3] Domestic short-haired cats and Siamese appear to have a higher incident rates. [10] The tumor is typically firm and nodular, and adheres to the overlying skin. [11]
One study showed that cats with radical (extensive) initial surgery had a median time to recurrence of 325 days versus 79 days for cats with marginal initial excision. [3] The expression of a mutated form of p53 , a tumor suppressor gene , is found commonly in VAS and indicates a poorer prognosis.
An important infectious skin disease of cats is ringworm, or dermatophytosis.Other cat skin infections include parasitic diseases like mange and lice infestations.. Other ectoparasites, including fleas and ticks, are not considered directly contagious but are acquired from an environment where other infested hosts have established the parasite's life cycle.