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Ebonite applications from the 19th century. Ebonite is a brand name for a material generically known as hard rubber or vulcanite, obtained via vulcanizing natural rubber for prolonged periods. Ebonite may contain from 25% to 80% sulfur and linseed oil. [1] [2] Its name comes from its intended use as an artificial substitute for ebony wood.
Sulfur forms cross-linking bridges between sections of polymer chains which affects the mechanical and electronic properties. [1] Many products are made with vulcanized rubber, including tires, shoe soles, hoses, and conveyor belts. The term vulcanization is derived from Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
Rubber, ebonite, vulcanite: brittle, discolored, increase in matteness hydrogen sulfide and other gases, sulfuric acid on surfaces surface mottled by solvents hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur-containing gases, sulfuric acid on surfaces All plastics (and organics)
Short crosslinks give the rubber better heat resistance. Crosslinks with higher number of sulfur atoms give the rubber good dynamic properties but less heat resistance. Dynamic properties are important for flexing movements of the rubber article, e.g., the movement of a side-wall of a running tire.
The major commercial source of natural rubber latex is the Amazonian rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), [1] a member of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.Once native to Brazil, the species is now pan-tropical.
In polymer chemistry "cross-linking" usually refers to the use of cross-links to promote a change in the polymers' physical properties. When "crosslinking" is used in the biological field, it refers to the use of a probe to link proteins together to check for protein–protein interactions, as well as other creative cross-linking methodologies.
Higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids often found in ultraprocessed foods may interfere with the immune system’s fight against cancer cells, a new study says.
Elastic properties describe the reversible deformation (elastic response) of a material to an applied stress. They are a subset of the material properties that provide a quantitative description of the characteristics of a material, like its strength. Material properties are most often characterized by a set of numerical parameters called moduli.