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An orange that has been sliced into two halves. In mathematics, division by two or halving has also been called mediation or dimidiation. [1] The treatment of this as a different operation from multiplication and division by other numbers goes back to the ancient Egyptians, whose multiplication algorithm used division by two as one of its fundamental steps. [2]
For example, 20 apples divide into five groups of four apples, meaning that "twenty divided by five is equal to four". This is denoted as 20 / 5 = 4 , or 20 / 5 = 4 . [ 2 ] In the example, 20 is the dividend, 5 is the divisor, and 4 is the quotient.
Most numbers do not divide 9 or 10 evenly, but do divide a higher power of 10 n or 10 n − 1. In this case the number is still written in powers of 10, but not fully expanded. For example, 7 does not divide 9 or 10, but does divide 98, which is close to 100. Thus, proceed from +,
A final 3 must be preceded by a 0 or 5; a final 8 must be preceded by a 2 or 7. In base 10, the digital root of a nonzero triangular number is always 1, 3, 6, or 9. Hence, every triangular number is either divisible by three or has a remainder of 1 when divided by 9:
Integer arithmetic is not closed under division. This means that when dividing one integer by another integer, the result is not always an integer. For instance, 7 divided by 2 is not a whole number but 3.5. [73] One way to ensure that the result is an integer is to round the result to a whole number.
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor. [ 1 ] For example, the expression "5 mod 2" evaluates to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0 ...
43 = (−9) × (−5) + (−2) and −2 is the least absolute remainder. In the division of 42 by 5, we have: 42 = 8 × 5 + 2, and since 2 < 5/2, 2 is both the least positive remainder and the least absolute remainder. In these examples, the (negative) least absolute remainder is obtained from the least positive remainder by subtracting 5 ...