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Biofilm growth is associated with an escalated level of mutations and horizontal gene transfer which is promoted in due to the packed and dense structure. Bacteria in biofilms communicate by quorum sensing, which activates genes participating in virulence factors production. [25] [26] Biofilms are the product of a microbial developmental ...
Different biofilm components in streams. [20] Principal components are algae and bacteria. A biofilm is a combination of algae (diatoms etc.), fungi, bacteria, and other small microorganisms that exist in a film along the streambed or the benthos. [21] Biofilm assemblages themselves are complex, [22] and add to the complexity of a streambed.
Biofilms in marine environments Various biofilm components (including bacteria, algae, and fungi) are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.. An intertidal bioflim is a biofilm that forms on the intertidal region of bodies of water.
The formation of biofilms is a complex process and is dependent upon the availability of light as well as the relationships between the microorganisms. Biofilms serve a variety of roles in aquatic, terrestrial, and extreme environments; these roles include functions which are both beneficial and detrimental to the environment.
Diagram showing bacteria growing and forming into a biofilm on a surface. Colonisation or colonization is the spread and development of an organism in a new area or habitat. Colonization comprises the physical arrival of a species in a new area, but also its successful establishment within the local community.
A microbial mat consists of several layers, each of which is dominated by specific types of microorganism, mainly bacteria.Although the composition of individual mats varies depending on the environment, as a general rule the by-products of each group of microorganisms serve as "food" for other groups.
A reef knoll is a landform that comprises an immense pile of calcareous material that had previously accumulated on an ancient sea floor. [1] Reef knolls are geological remnants of reefs and other organic concentrations of calcareous organisms.
A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions, which are further subdivided into ecoregions.