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Modern radars generally perform all of these MTI techniques as part of a wider suite of signal processing being carried out by digital signal processors. MTI may be specialized in terms of the type of clutter and environment: airborne MTI (AMTI), ground MTI (GMTI), etc., or may be combined mode: stationary and moving target indication (SMTI).
Radar scalloping for MTI radar begins to become a concern when the radial velocity is greater than the following value. V e l o c i t y > 0.5 × ( C 2 × P e r i o d B e t w e e n P u l s e s × T r a n s m i t F r e q u e n c y ) {\displaystyle Velocity>0.5\times \left({\frac {C}{2\times PeriodBetweenPulses\times TransmitFrequency}}\right)}
MTI creates blind velocities associated with radar scalloping. This reduces radar sensitivity at certain radial velocities, but MTI allows the main lobe of the antenna beam to be aimed closer to the ground. Wind speed above about 5 mile/hour moves debris fast enough to create excessive clutter load, which eliminates most of the MTI improvement.
The antenna for radar with no signal processing clutter-reduction improvement is not normally aimed near the ground to avoid overwhelming computers and users. Moving Target Indication (MTI) can reduce clutter by about 35 dB. This allows objects as small as 1,000 square feet (93 m 2) to be detected.
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Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a signal processing technique most commonly used in radar systems. It involves adaptive array processing algorithms to aid in target detection. Radar signal processing benefits from STAP in areas where interference is a problem (i.e. ground clutter, jamming, etc.). Through careful application of STAP, it ...
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The AN/FPS-117 is an L-band active electronically scanned array (AESA) 3-dimensional air search radar first produced by GE Aerospace in 1980 and now part of Lockheed Martin. [1] [2] The system offers instrumented detection at ranges on the order of 200 to 250 nautical miles (370 to 460 km; 230 to 290 mi) and has a wide variety of interference and clutter rejection systems.