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  2. Center of mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass

    If the center of mass is ahead of the forward limit, the aircraft will be less maneuverable, possibly to the point of being unable to rotate for takeoff or flare for landing. [22] If the center of mass is behind the aft limit, the aircraft will be more maneuverable, but also less stable, and possibly unstable enough so as to be impossible to fly.

  3. Instant centre of rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_centre_of_rotation

    Sketch 1: Instantaneous center P of a moving plane. The instant center of rotation (also known as instantaneous velocity center, [1] instantaneous center, or pole of planar displacement) of a body undergoing planar movement is a point that has zero velocity at a particular instant of time.

  4. Velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity

    The general formula for the escape velocity of an object at a distance r from the center of a planet with mass M is [12] = =, where G is the gravitational constant and g is the gravitational acceleration. The escape velocity from Earth's surface is about 11 200 m/s, and is irrespective of the direction of the object.

  5. Circular motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_motion

    Figure 1: Velocity v and acceleration a in uniform circular motion at angular rate ω; the speed is constant, but the velocity is always tangential to the orbit; the acceleration has constant magnitude, but always points toward the center of rotation. Figure 2: The velocity vectors at time t and time t + dt are moved from the orbit on the left ...

  6. Rigid body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid_body

    Velocity (also called linear velocity) and angular velocity are measured with respect to a frame of reference. The linear velocity of a rigid body is a vector quantity, equal to the time rate of change of its linear position. Thus, it is the velocity of a reference point fixed to the body.

  7. Barycenter (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycenter_(astronomy)

    a (km) is the average orbital distance between the centers of the two bodies; r 1 (km) is the distance from the center of the primary to the barycenter; R 1 (km) is the radius of the primary ⁠ r 1 / R 1 ⁠ a value less than one means the barycenter lies inside the primary

  8. Centre (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_(geometry)

    In geometry, a centre (British English) or center (American English) (from Ancient Greek κέντρον (kéntron) 'pointy object') of an object is a point in some sense in the middle of the object. According to the specific definition of centre taken into consideration, an object might have no centre.

  9. Circular orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_orbit

    The speed (or the magnitude of velocity) relative to the centre of mass is constant: [1]: 30 = = where: , is the gravitational constant, is the mass of both orbiting bodies (+), although in common practice, if the greater mass is significantly larger, the lesser mass is often neglected, with minimal change in the result.