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Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. [1] [2] [3] This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the Second World War.
Phage therapy has been used for years in MRSA in eastern countries, and studies are ongoing in western countries. [ 146 ] [ 147 ] Host-directed therapeutics , including host kinase inhibitors, as well as antimicrobial peptides are under study as adjunctive or alternative treatment for MRSA.
Phage therapy against P. aeruginosa has been investigated as a possible effective treatment, which can be combined with antibiotics, has no contraindications and minimal adverse effects. Phages are produced as sterile liquid, suitable for intake, applications etc. [ 113 ] Phage therapy against ear infections caused by P. aeruginosa was reported ...
Phage therapy is a good alternative to the use of antibiotics, but some bacteria have CRISPR-Cas systems. Nevertheless, if phages had Acr proteins, they would inhibit the CRISPR-Cas immune system and infect the cell. At the end of the phage reproduction cycle, which takes place inside bacteria, new phages would be released, provoking the cell ...
Phage therapy does not kill microbiota since it is specific, and it can help those with antibiotic allergies. Some drawbacks are that it is a time-intensive process since the specific bacterium needs to be identified. It also does not currently have the body of research supporting its effects and safety that antibiotics do.
Phage therapy has many potential applications in human medicine as well as dentistry, veterinary science, and agriculture. [ 270 ] Phage therapy relies on the use of naturally occurring bacteriophages to infect and lyse bacteria at the site of infection in a host.
A popular arthritis medication for dogs has sickened thousands of pets and likely caused others to die, the Food and Drug Administration said in an urgent warning. Dangerous side effects from the ...
Destruction of the normal protective flora of beneficial bacteria can occur in dogs and horses. [21] [22] Dogs may have side effects that include: joint pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, flatulence (intestinal gas), fungal infections and digestive problems. [23] Like humans, dogs can have a similar side effect related to developing a serious ...