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'The Supreme Venerable Sovereign') is a high Taoist god. He is the Taiqing (太清, lit. the Grand Pure One) which is one of the Three Pure Ones, the highest immortals of Taoism. Laozi is regarded to be a manifestation of Daode Tianzun who authored the classic Tao Te Ching. He is traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism, intimately ...
Schools of Taoist thought developed around each of these deities. Taoist Alchemy was a large part of these schools, as each of the Three Pure Ones represented one of the three essential fields of the body: jing, qi and shen. The congregation of all three Pure Ones resulted in the return to Tao. The first Pure One is universal or heavenly chi.
The Queen Mother of the West (西王母), also referred to as Lady Queen Mother (王母娘娘) in the novel, is the matriarch deity in the Taoist pantheon. She reports Sun Wukong to the Jade Emperor for stealing the peaches meant for a feast she is hosting. The Three Pure Ones (三清) are the three highest ranked deities in the Taoist pantheon:
The three highest Gods in the Taoist pantheon Yuanshi Tianzun or Yuánshǐ Tīanzūn, also known as the Jade Pure One; Lingbao Tianzun, also known as the Lord of Lingbao and Shangqing; Daode Tianzun or Tàiqīng, also known as Taishang Laojun and Daode Zhizun; Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun, a character in the classic Chinese novel Investiture of the Gods
In Taoism and Chinese folk religion, gods and xian [36] are often seen as embodiments of water. [37] Water gods and xian were often thought to ensure good grain harvests, mild weather and seas, and rivers with abundant water. [37] Some xian were thought to be humans who gained power by drinking "charmed water". [36]
In some sects of Taoism, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chinese folk religion, it is held that he then became an immortal hermit. [2] Certain Taoist devotees held that the Tao Te Ching was the avatar – embodied as a book – of the god Laojun, one of the Three Pure Ones of the Taoist pantheon, though few philosophers believe this. [3]
The Encyclopedia of Taoism (London: Routledge, 2008), 1114–1115. Kohn, Livia and Michael LaFargue eds. Lao-Tzu and the Tao-Te-Ching. Albany: State University of New York, 1998. Mather, Richard. "K'ou Ch'ien-chih and the Taoist Theocracy at the Northern Wei court 425-451" In Facets of Taoism, edited by Holmes Welch and Anna Seidel, 103–133 ...
Laojun xishengjing 老君西昇經 "Lord Lao's Scripture of Western Ascension" includes the supposed author's honorific name. Xishengji 西升記 "Record of Western Ascension" uses the usual Chinese character sheng 升 "rise; hoist; ascend" instead of its variant sheng 昇 (with 日 "sun" above) and replaces jing "classic" with ji "record ...